What Causes HIE in Infants?

HIE or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy occurs when the blood flow to the baby’s brain is cut off or reduced, resulting in oxygen deprivation (birth asphyxia). The longer the baby’s brain remains without oxygen, the more severe the HIE is likely to be. This birth injury usually occurs around the time of labor or delivery, and may eventually lead to cerebral palsy.

Oxygen loss to the in-utero baby’s brain takes place in two stages:

• Primary Energy Failure:The initial reduction of blood flow to the brain leads to loss of oxygen and glucose, which causes brain cells to die
• Secondary Energy Failure: Occurs 6 to 48 hours after the initial HIE injury, further damage to the baby’s brain occurs. In this stage, the neurons in the baby’s brain (neurons are the brain’s information messengers) suffer damage because they have been under prolonged stress from the oxygen deprivation of the brain tissue

Medical negligence can play a role in the baby suffering an HIE brain injury during pregnancy, labor, or delivery. Here are some of the common forms of medical negligence that could lead to HIE and eventually cerebral palsy in babies.

Failure to diagnose, delayed diagnosis, wrong diagnosis, poor monitoring, and inadequate or inappropriate treatment of the following conditions during pregnancy may be an underlying cause of HIE injury to the baby occurring around labor or delivery:

Some examples of maternal complications that require more frequent monitoring, treatment, and delivery preparation to protect the baby from potential HIE injury include:

• Gestational diabetes
• Preeclampsia (maternal high blood pressure)
• Maternal infections (such as Group B Strep)
• Rh factor incompatibility
• Multiple pregnancy
• Maternal age greater than 35
• Maternal history of pregnancy complications

High risk complications for baby with an HIE Insult can be anticipated and managed by diligent medical providers:

• Umbilical cord complications (such as cord compression, which can cut off the baby’s oxygen and nutrient supply)
• Placental abruption (placenta detaches from the uterus before childbirth)
• Placental insufficiency (placenta fails to supply sufficient blood to the baby)
• Placenta previa (placenta covers the cervix, increasing the risk of baby’s brain damage during delivery)
• Uterine rupture (the uterus tears fully or partially before childbirth)

When the baby’s brain is deprived of oxygen for any reason the electronic heart rate monitor will show signs known as “fetal distress.” It’s crucial to detect fetal distress early and take immediate steps to restore the oxygen supply or perform an emergency cesarean section.

If the medical team fails to perform fetal heart rate monitoring or the monitoring is not properly interpreted the signs of fetal distress may be missed. Even a delay of minutes in this situation can cause an HIE injury, potentially leading to cerebral palsy.

In case of prolonged or arrested labor, the medical provider should be able to make a timely decision about inducing labor with medications or performing an emergency cesarean section. Delays in making the right decision can lead to the baby’s HIE injury.

Administering wrong medications or wrong dosage to induce labor can also cause excessive uterine contractions, putting the baby at the risk of brain damage. During assisted vaginal delivery, improper use of devices such as forceps or vacuum extractors may cause head injury, leading to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Parents whose children are living with complications caused by HIE (Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy) have a right to know whether preventable mistakes by the doctors and nurses contributed to their child’s birth injury.

At Miller Weisbrod Olesky, our award-winning birth injury attorneys have represented families all over the United States after an HIE injury. We help answer parents’ questions and we employ our skills and expertise to obtain for you and your child a medical malpractice settlement that will help provide specialized medical, nursing, and therapeutic care in order to maximize the quality of life and life expectancy of your child as they cope with the common complications that accompany HIE.

• Were there signs of birth injury or birth complications during the pregnancy, labor, and delivery process, or presence of risk factors, which were either not recognized or properly treated?
• During the labor and delivery, were there clear indications that the baby was suffering from fetal distress, but appropriate actions were not taken by the maternal fetal specialists, obstetrician or nurses?
• Was there a delay in diagnosis of a likely premature birth that led to later complications, including brain injury?
• Did the medical team fail to order a series of tests to diagnose this birth complication in a timely manner?
• Was the decision to perform a cesarean delivery delayed leading to birth trauma during vaginal delivery or labor?
• Did the neonatal resuscitation team fail to quickly begin important breathing support?
• Should brain cooling (also called “hypothermia therapy”) have been provided to your baby, but the doctors and nurses failed to perform the appropriate tests or ignored the results of the tests?

Our birth injury attorneys have recovered millions of dollars in settlements for families of children that have suffered a birth injury. At no point in our legal intake process will we ask you to pay anything. The medical review of your case and the consultation are free. We only receive payment when you do, no matter how long or tough your case is.

Most birth injury law firms will employ one or two nurses to assist the review of cases and medical research. But Miller Weisbrod Olesky offers an unmatched number of nurses and nurse-attorney employees support to both the birth injury attorneys and our clients.

Our team of registered nursing staff and nurse-attorneys bring a deep level of medical and personal insight to every client’s case. Our nursing team includes both an experienced labor and delivery nurse as well as an ICU nurse. Working closely with the rest of the team, they investigate the reasons behind a birth injury and how medical professionals breached their standard of care.

Linda Chalk

As a registered nurse, Linda practiced ICU nursing for 44 years while caring for a wide range of patient conditions. She has worked closely with founding partner Les Weisbrod for over 30 years, investigating and pursuing birth injury cases.

Along with DJ Weisbrod, Linda heads up the firm’s birth injury intake, screening, and medical literature research team. She personally screens all potential cases to ensure that medical issues have been addressed before we file lawsuits on behalf of birth-injured children and their families.

DJ Weisbrod

Before joining Miller Weisbrod, DJ practiced as a surgical nurse in various hospital and operative settings. She has been with the firm over 30 years.

DJ directs Miller Weisbrod’s birth injury intake and medical screening team. She has also served as firm founder Les Weisbrod’s trial nurse for all cases involving medical negligence and birth injury.

Linda Cuaderes

Linda Cuaderes is both a registered nurse and a licensed lawyer. Linda works exclusively in Miller Weisbrod’s Birth Injury and Medical Malpractice section. Linda acts as the firm’s patient advocate and liaison with our young clients and their parents.

Linda combines her legal and nursing experience along with her exceptional organizational talent and attention to detail to make sure each child we represent is provided the highest level of medical care and attendant care during the pendency of their case. Linda communicates with our parent clients regularly to monitor their birth injured child’s treatment, provide guidance as to additional care and therapies and when necessary assist them in obtaining specialized medical providers.

Linda was raised in Bartlesville, Oklahoma and completed her Bachelor of Science in Nursing with Honors at the University of Oklahoma. She started as an Oncology Nurse at Presbyterian Hospital in Oklahoma City, quickly becoming the Assistant Head Nurse of the Outpatient Endoscopy Unit. Linda then entered the University of Oklahoma College of Law.

Following graduation, Linda joined Les Weisbrod in the Medical Malpractice Section. After taking time off to raise her three lovely children, Linda returned to Miller Weisbrod and her passion of holding healthcare providers accountable for preventable errors. Linda is active in the American Association for Justice, Texas Trial Lawyers Association, Dallas Trial Lawyers Association, and the Texas Bar Association. Linda is an active member of the Birth Trauma Litigation Group and Medical Negligence Section of the American Association for Justice.

She is admitted to practice before the Texas Supreme Court and routinely works on cases pending throughout the United States. Linda has worked with child victims of birth injury, their parents and other victims of medical malpractice in Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Iowa, Ohio, New York, Alabama, Georgia, Arizona, Utah and Missouri.

Education

• University of Oklahoma - School of Law, 1990, J.D. - Norman, Oklahoma
• University of Oklahoma - School of Nursing, 1985 - Norman, Oklahoma

Bar Admissions

• Texas - 1990

Areas of Practice

• Birth Injury/Birth Trauma
• Medical Malpractice

Associations & Memberships

• Texas Bar Association
• American Association of Justice
• Texas Trial Lawyers Association
• Dallas Trial Lawyers Association

Kristin Jones

Kristin combines her medical and legal training to provide invaluable, passionate service to parents struggling to care for their birth-injured children.

Families often have questions as they go through the birth injury lawsuit process. Kristin diligently identifies and investigates all medical issues so the birth injury attorneys at Miller Weisbrod can answer those questions Kristin ensures that our birth injured children’s medical records are thoroughly reviewed and organized. Miller Weisbrod’s birth trauma litigation attorneys and medical experts retained by the firm need her services while pursuing justice for our clients.

Kelly Kunkel

Kelly Kunkel was born and raised in Dallas, Texas. She has 15 years’ experience in hospital based High Risk Obstetrics and Labor and Delivery bedside nursing care. Kelly graduated with an Associate’s Degree in Nursing from El Centro College in December of 1990 and received her Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing from West Texas A & M University in 2008; graduating with honors.

In addition, Kelly has over 25 years’ experience in medical malpractice case management and litigation and has worked with David Olesky for over 22 years. After many years of assisting in defending healthcare providers and hospital systems in medical malpractice cases involving complex litigation matters related to birth injury, catastrophic injury and death, Kelly has proudly joined David Olesky in the national birth injury and medical negligence practice at Miller Weisbrod Olesky.

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Why Should You Talk with the Highly Capable Attorneys at Miller Weisbrod Olesky?

The only way to find out if you have a birth injury case is to talk to a lawyer experienced in birth injury lawsuits. It’s not uncommon that a birth related complication results in a preventable birth injury, including cerebral palsy, but it takes a detailed expert review by a birth injury attorney of the medical records from your child’s birth to determine if the birth injury was the result of medical malpractice.

At Miller Weisbrod Olesky, a team of committed lawyers, nurses and paralegals uses our detailed medical negligence case review process to assess your child’s potential birth injury case. We start by learning more about you and your child and the status of meeting/missing developmental milestones. Then we gather medical records to determine what happened before, during pregnancy. We call in documented and proven medical experts who review your records and let us know if they think medical errors could have caused your child’s injuries.

If we feel medical negligence caused or contributed to wrongful birth in your case, we meet with you to discuss how you can receive compensation from the medical professionals who made the errors. Our birth injury attorneys have recovered millions of dollars in settlements for families of children that have suffered a birth injury.

At no point in our legal intake process will we ask you to pay anything. The medical review of your case and the consultation are free. We only receive payment when you do no matter how long or tough your case is.